Cochran-Armitage trend test

Cochran-Armitage trend test is part of:

  • Pro Core statistical software

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    • Windows:
      • Versions: 9x/Me/NT/2000/XP/Vista/Win 7
      • Excel: 97 and later
      • Processor: 32 or 64 bits
      • Hard disk: 150 Mb
    • Mac OS X:
      • OS: OS X
      • Excel: X, 2004 and 2011
      • Hard disk: 150Mb.

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When to use a Cochran-Armitage trend test

The Cochran Armitage trend is used to test if a series of proportions, possibly computed from a contingency table, can be considered as varying linearly with an ordinal or continuous variable.

It can be a one- or two-sided test.

Principles of the Cochran-Armitage trend test

The Cochran-Armitage test allows to test if a series of proportions, can be considered as varying linearly with an ordinal or continuous score variable.

If X is the score variable, the statistic that is computed to test for the linearity is given by:

z = [Ʃi=1..r nr1(Xi - X)] / √ p+1 (1– p+1) s²

with s²=Ʃi=1..r ni+(Xi - X)²

Note: if X is an ordinal variable, the minimum value of X has no influence on the value of z.

In the case of the two-tailed (or two-sided) test, the null (H0) and alternative (Ha) hypotheses are:

Note: z is asymptotically distributed as a standard Normal variable. Some statistical programs use z² to test the linearity. z² follows a Chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom.

In the one-tailed case, you need to distinguish the left-tailed (or lower-tailed or lower one-sided) test and the right-tailed (or upper-tailed or upper one-sided) test. In the left-tailed test, the following hypotheses are used:

If Ha is chosen, one concludes that the proportions decrease when the score variable increases.

In the right-tailed test, the following hypotheses are used:

If Ha is chosen, one concludes that the proportions increase when the score variable increases.

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